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99 research-grade products available
Cell Factors™
Cell Factors™: Cell-Free Signaling Factors for Regenerative Research
Cellular aging research increasingly points to a central problem: communication breakdown at the receptor and signaling level.
Early-stage placental cells operate with a comprehensive regenerative messaging profile — one that supports tissue repair, immune regulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Researchers studying aging and regeneration have worked to understand what drives the decline of these processes and how they might be modeled or supported in laboratory settings.
Cell Factors™ is a placental-derived regenerative secretome developed to support that line of inquiry — and one of the first research-grade cell-free cell therapy products to deliver the full signaling output of early placental lineage cells in an acellular, DNA-free formulation.
What Are Cell Factors™?
Cell Factors™ delivers a full spectrum of messaging from key placental cell populations: Wharton’s Jelly, Amniotic Fluid and Membrane, Chorion, and Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB).
The formulation is best described as a regenerative placenta-derived secretome combination delivering the full messaging benefits of young healthy cells. This is done without the issues often encountered with other cell-based therapies, including:
- Undesirable immune responses
- Off-target and unexpected effects
- Live cell handling and degradation challenges
- Regulatory complexities tied to living cell therapies
This positions Cell Factors™ as a stable, research-grade tool for in vitro studies examining cell signaling, tissue recalibration, and receptor-level communication.
How It Compares to Other Regenerative Research Models
Researchers working in regenerative cell biology have historically relied on several model systems, each with limitations:
PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma)
Activates basic healing pathways. The effect is limited to a narrow range of signaling targets. Cell Factors™ activates additional pathways (estimated to be 4- to 5-fold more).
Wharton’s Jelly / Stem Cell Models
Introduce living cells with regenerative potential, but formulation consistency and stability is difficult to control. Handling is complex and regulatory restrictions limit research availability.
Exosomes (Extracellular Vesicles / Exosome-Based Therapy Products)
They focus on cell signaling rather than live cell introduction. However, they typically activate fewer than 100 cell pathways and share sourcing and degradation challenges with stem cell models.
Cell Factors™
- Lyophilized, like other common research peptides, for consistency, potency, and easy protocol integration
- Activates 300+ targeted cell signaling pathways
- Acellular: no live cells, immunogenicity, or disease risk
- Ready for immediate use
- Designed for compatibility with existing peptide research
Research Applications
Cell Factors™ is being studied for its potential to support several areas of in vitro and preclinical research:
Receptor Sensitivity and Signaling
Cell Factors™ may help researchers study how placenta-derived “cell signals” can change the strength of receptor responses to other compounds over time. This can be useful in lab work looking at why cells sometimes become less responsive (tolerance/desensitization) to other molecules — or, in some cases, how signaling can be made more responsive.
Mitochondrial Function
Build-up of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—often called “oxidative stress”—is a major focus in cellular biology research. Cell Factors™ can be used to study how mitochondria (the cell’s energy centers) communicate with the nucleus (the cell’s control center), and how those signaling links may be made more robust in experimental systems.
Tissue Microenvironment and Inflammatory Signaling
Chronic inflammation is a well-documented barrier in tissue repair research. Cell Factors™ may support preclinical studies examining inflammatory regulation, including research related to:
- Vascular health
- Musculoskeletal tissue growth and repair
- Renal stress and regulation
- Neuroinflammation
Epigenetic Reprogramming Models
Because Cell Factors™ contains a broad mix of proteins and growth factors, it may be useful for research on how cells “reset” patterns of gene activity (often called epigenetic changes). In practical terms, it can help researchers explore how these signaling molecules influence older, stressed, or diseased cell types—and whether they shift key cellular markers back toward more healthy and youthful patterns in experimental models.
In Vitro Research Applications
| Research Area | Potential Application |
| Aging biology | Epigenetic recalibration and cellular aging models |
| Regenerative medicine | Tissue microenvironment signaling studies |
| Mitochondrial research | Mitochondrial-nuclear communication pathways |
| Inflammation research | Cytokine amplification and upstream inflammatory triggers |
| Receptor pharmacology | Receptor sensitivity and signaling coherence models |
| Metabolic research | Integration with peptide and hormone pathway studies |
Available Research Formats
Cell Factors™ is available in three configurations to support varied research protocols:
- Single-cycle format
- Multi-cycle environmental recalibration programs
- Integrated research protocol with Klotho
$899 – $1499
BioThyroid – A-2 Thyroid Peptide Bioregulator (Thyreogen)
BioThyroid (Thyreogen) Product Details
BioThyroid features natural thyroid peptides that support thyroid function research. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism in nearly every cell in the body, converting nutrients into usable energy. The American Thyroid Association indicates that approximately 20 million Americans suffer from some form of thyroid disorder, with women being five times more likely than men to develop thyroid problems.
When thyroid function becomes imbalanced, conditions like hyperthyroidism can develop—causing symptoms including unexplained weight loss, anxiety, increased perspiration, muscle tremors, and heat sensitivity. Alternatively, hypothyroidism may lead to chronic fatigue, gradual weight gain, depressive symptoms, dry skin, cold sensitivity, and muscle discomfort. Regular thyroid support may help maintain this crucial glandular function.
- Contains 20 or 60 capsules: 10-day course or 30-day course
- BioThyroid® is the thyroid peptide bioregulator (Thyreogen)
- Serves the same role as peptide bioregulators developed naturally in the body
- May reduce peptide deficiency
- May restore protein synthesis inside cells
- Natural Peptides Combinations (Cytomaxes)
Product Facts
- Serving Size: 1 Capsule (0.2 g)
- Amount Per Serving: Peptide complex A-2 (thyroid gland peptides) 0.04 g †
- Other ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose (E460, flowing agent); calcium stearate (E470, emulsifier)
- Capsule: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- GLUTEN FREE
- NON GMO
† Daily Value not established
Key Functions of BioThyroid® Thyroid Peptide Bioregulator
Clinical research reveals that BioThyroid:
- Supports the function of the thyroid gland by providing natural thyroid peptides
- Contributes to normalize thyroid cell metabolism and functional activity
- May help maintain healthy thyroid hormone levels within the body
- Designed to support the restoration of protein synthesis in thyroid cells
- Promotes the maintenance of overall endocrine system health and balance
- May help reduce the risk of thyroid-related metabolic disturbances and support general well-being
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Suggested Use
Recommended research applications include:
- Contraindications: Individual component sensitivity, pregnancy, breastfeeding
- Storage conditions: Store in a dry, dark place at temperatures between +2°C and +25°C
- Shelf life: 3 years from production date
- Application recommendations: For adults, take 1-2 capsules, 1-2 times daily with meals
- Package quantity: One-month supply
$108 – $228
BioThymus – A-6 Thymus Peptide Bioregulator (Vladonix)
BioThymus (Vladonix) Product Details
BioThymus is a peptide complex formulated with natural thymus peptides to support the research of immune system resilience. The thymus gland orchestrates immune cell development and differentiation, processes that can be disrupted by both psychological stress and environmental factors.
Research indicates that chronic stress and environmental factors can reduce thymus function by up to 40% in adults. A well-functioning immune system is essential for recovery from illness and maintaining overall health, as compromised immunity can lead to increased susceptibility to infections and longer recovery times.
- Contains 20 or 60 capsules: 10-day course or 30-day course
- BioThymus® is the thymus peptide bioregulator (Vladonix)
- Serves the same role as peptide bioregulators developed naturally in the body
- May reduce peptide deficiency
- May restore protein synthesis inside cells
- Natural Peptides Combinations (Cytomaxes)
Product Facts
- Serving Size: 1 Capsule (0.2 g)
- Amount Per Serving: Peptide complex A-6 (thymus peptides) 0.04 g †
- Other ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose (E460, flowing agent); calcium stearate (E470, emulsifier)
- Capsule: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- GLUTEN FREE
- NON GMO
† Daily Value not established
Key Functions of BioThymus® Thymus Peptide Bioregulator
Clinical research reveals that BioThymus (A-6):
- May help support the regulation and normal function of the immune system
- Formulated to promote the maturation and activity of T-lymphocytes, contributing to balanced immune responses
- May contribute to normalizing metabolism in immune system cells
- May assist in restoring immune function after illness, stress, or medical treatments
- Supports tissue regeneration processes, particularly when these are inhibited
- May help maintain the body’s defenses during aging or periods of increased physical or emotional stress
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Suggested Use
Recommended research applications include:
- Contraindications: Individual component sensitivity, pregnancy, breastfeeding
- Storage conditions: Store in a dry, dark place at temperatures between +2°C and +25°C
- Shelf life: 3 years from production date
- Application recommendations: For adults, take 1-2 capsules, 1-2 times daily with meals
- Package quantity: One-month supply
$114 – $248
BioOvary – A-15 Ovary Peptide Bioregulator (Zhenoluten)
BioOvary (Zhenoluten) Product Details
BioOvary (A-15) is derived from natural ovarian peptides for the research of female reproductive organ health. The ovaries function as both reproductive organs and hormone-producing glands, releasing primarily estrogen and progesterone. These hormones undergo significant changes during perimenopause and menopause, with approximately 80% of women experiencing vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats.
Other common effects include sleep disturbances, genitourinary symptoms, and increased risk for conditions like osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Ovarian health concerns can manifest at any age, impacting overall well-being and hormonal equilibrium.
- Contains 20 or 60 capsules: 10-day course or 30-day course
- BioOvary® is the ovary peptide bioregulator (Zhenoluten)
- Serves the same role as peptide bioregulators developed naturally in the body
- May reduce peptide deficiency
- May restore protein synthesis inside cells
- Natural Peptides Combinations (Cytomaxes)
Product Facts
- Serving Size: 1 Capsule (0.2 g)
- Amount Per Serving: Peptide complex A-15 (ovaries peptides) 0.04 g †
- Other ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose (E460, flowing agent); calcium stearate (E470, emulsifier)
- Capsule: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- GLUTEN FREE
- NON GMO
† Daily Value not established
Key Functions of BioOvary ® Ovary Peptide Bioregulator
Clinical research reveals that BioOvary (A-15):
- May help support healthy ovarian function and hormone balance
- Formulated to support the regulation of menstrual cycles and ovarian activity
- May contribute to the maintenance of normal reproductive system health
- May help promote the maturation of oocytes (egg cells)
- Supports the body’s natural protein synthesis processes in ovarian cells
- May help reduce age-related changes in the female reproductive system
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Suggested Use
Recommended research applications include:
- Contraindications: Individual component sensitivity, pregnancy, breastfeeding
- Storage conditions: Store in a dry, dark place at temperatures between +2°C and +25°C
- Shelf life: 3 years from production date
- Application recommendations: For adults, take 1-2 capsules, 1-2 times daily with meals
- Package quantity: One-month supply
$106 – $220
PT-141+ BioStrips
Product Description
Peptide buccal strips for in vitro research applications, each containing PT-141 (1 mg) and Oxytocin (25 mcg).
PT-141, also known as bremelanotide, is a synthetic peptide that mimics the structure of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It functions as a melanocortin receptor agonist, meaning it binds to and activates specific melanocortin receptors, primarily the MC3 and MC4 receptors. These receptors are part of a family of proteins involved in regulating various physiological processes, such as sexual function and appetite control.
Oxytocin is a peptide hormone, specifically a nonapeptide, meaning it is composed of nine amino acids. Its chemical structure is characterized by the sequence Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2. This hormone is produced in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain, and is released by the posterior pituitary gland, an endocrine structure involved in hormone secretion.
Peptide Specifications
| Property | PT-141 | Oxytocin |
|---|---|---|
| Peptide Sequence | Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH | Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂ |
| Molecular Formula | C50H68N14O10 | C43H66N12O12S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 1025.2 g/mol | 1007.2 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 1607799-13-2 | 50-56-6 |
| PubChem CID | 9941379 |
439302
|
Research Overview
The research on PT-141 (bremelanotide) demonstrates a clear mechanistic rationale for research into sexual dysfunction, with robust preclinical and clinical evidence supporting its efficacy in increasing sexual desire and arousal, particularly in premenopausal women with HSDD.
Oxytocin demonstrates correlations with sexual arousal, orgasm, and social bonding, with clear evidence of increased levels during activity.
Mechanisms of Action
PT-141 is a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and acts as an agonist at melanocortin receptors, especially MC3R and MC4R, which are predominantly expressed in the central nervous system. Activation of these receptors in the hypothalamus, particularly the medial preoptic area (mPOA), is thought to increase dopamine release in research models[1].
Oxytocin acts via the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), a G protein-coupled receptor, triggering signaling cascades (MAPK, PKC, PLC, CaMK) that affect neuronal activity, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Beyond the brain, oxytocin impacts the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic systems[2].
PT-141 in Sexual Dysfunction Research
Bremelanotide has been evaluated in multiple phase II and III clinical trials investigating HSDD in premenopausal women and erectile dysfunction in men.
In women, bremelanotide demonstrated measurable effects on sexual desire and distress metrics associated with low desire, with effects observed across various subgroups (age, BMI, hormonal contraceptive use)[3].
In men, PT-141 induced dose-dependent increases in erectile activity, including in those with erectile dysfunction previously unresponsive to other interventions[4].
Preclinical Applications of PT-141
Beyond sexual dysfunction, the melanocortin system is being explored as a research target for metabolic disorders such as obesity and cachexia, with bremelanotide and related agents demonstrating activity in preclinical models[5].
Recent studies have also investigated bremelanotide’s effects in oncology, specifically glioblastoma, where it induces cell death via MC3R/MC4R-mediated pathways[6].
Oxytocin and Sexual Desire Research
Oxytocin is released during sexual arousal and orgasm in both men and women, suggesting a role in reproductive behaviors and physiological responses[7].
In animal studies, oxytocin acts in the brain and spinal cord to influence erectile function and sexual activity, often working alongside other neurotransmitters[8].
The hormone’s effects are modulated by sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone), which may explain differences in physiological response and the variability of oxytocin’s effects between sexes[9].
References
- Pfaus, J., Sadiq, A., Spana, C., & Clayton, A. The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. CNS Spectrums.2021; 27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S109285292100002X.
- Ueda, Y. Oxytocin: An expansive review of its mechanisms, functions, and therapeutic potential. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews.2023 https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1499.
- Mayer, D., & Lynch, S. Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Annals of Pharmacotherapy.2020; 54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028019899152.
- Molinoff, P., Shadiack, A., Earle, D., Diamond, L., & Quon, C. PT‐141: A Melanocortin Agonist for the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.2003; 994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03167.x.
- Sweeney, P., Gimenez, L., Hernandez, C., & Cone, R. Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Nature Reviews Endocrinology.2023; 19. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-023-00855-y.
- Suzuki, S., Kitanaka, C., & Okada, M. Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells via Suppression of Survivin Expression. AntiCancer Research.2024; 44. https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17214.
- Carmichael, M., Humbert, R., Dixen, J., Palmisano, G., Greenleaf, W., & Davidson, J. Plasma oxytocin increases in the human sexual response.. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.1987; 64 1. https://doi.org/10.1210/JCEM-64-1-27.
- Melis, M., & Argiolas, A. Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: Last Discoveries and Possible Advances. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910376.
- Quintana, D., Glaser, B., Kang, H., Kildal, E., Audunsdottir, K., Sartorius, A., & Barth, C. The interplay of oxytocin and sex hormones. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.2024; 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105765.
$199.97
Thymosin Alpha 1 BioStrips
Production Information
Package contains 20 peptide buccal strips for in vitro research applications, each strip containing Thymosin Alpha 1 (500 mcg).
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a naturally occurring polypeptide consisting of 28 amino acids that was originally isolated from thymus gland tissue. It is classified as a thymic hormone and has been researched extensively for immune system regulation and modulation.
Structurally, Tα1 is derived from a larger precursor protein called prothymosin alpha through enzymatic cleavage. The peptide has a molecular weight of approximately 3,108 daltons and contains an acetylated N-terminus, which is important for its activity.
Peptide Specifications
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Peptide Sequence |
Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH
|
| Molecular Formula | C129H215N33O55 |
| Molecular Weight |
3108.3 g/mol
|
| CAS Number | 62304-98-7 |
| PubChem CID |
16130571
|
Thymosin Alpha 1 Research
Tα1 acts as a biological response modifier, influencing both innate and adaptive immunity by modulating the activity of T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, primarily through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. Recent research has expanded its potential applications to neuroprotection, wound healing, cystic fibrosis, and even psychiatric conditions.
Tα1 and Immune Function
Tα1 enhances both innate and adaptive immunity by activating dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, primarily through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. It promotes immune homeostasis, modulates cytokine production, and can induce immune tolerance via tryptophan catabolism, making it valuable in conditions of immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation[1].
Tα1 has demonstrated the ability to restore lymphocyte populations and immune balance in settings such as sepsis and post-viral syndromes[2].
Anti-Viral Properties
Tα1 has been studied for its immune-enhancing properties in viral infections, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. It activates TLR3/4/9 and downstream IRF3/NF-κB pathways, boosting both innate and adaptive antiviral responses. Studies have observed reduced hospitalization and mortality in severe viral infections associated with Tα1 through restored T cell counts and mitigated cytokine storms[3]. It also enhances vaccine responses in immunocompromised populations[4].
Cancer
Tα1 has a synergistic effect with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, enhancing anti-tumor immunity and reducing immune-related adverse events. It increases tumor antigen expression, promotes Th1 responses, and boosts CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors. Tα1 also protects against immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis without compromising anti-tumor efficacy, supporting its use in cancer research[5].
Neuroprotection
Recent studies indicate Tα1 provides direct neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) models, reducing infarct size, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation. Its mechanism involves enhancing mitophagy and mitochondrial renewal, supporting neuronal survival beyond its immunomodulatory effects[6].
Cystic Fibrosis
Tα1 shows promise as a single-molecule therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF), reducing lung inflammation and promoting CFTR protein maturation and function. Preclinical studies demonstrate Tα1’s dual action in correcting the underlying defect and alleviating hyperinflammatory pathology, suggesting potential research applications in CF[7].
Psychiatric Conditions
Emerging evidence links Tα1 to improvement in psychiatric symptoms associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Research indicates Tα1 may influence immune homeostasis in subjects with neuropsychiatric symptoms following COVID-19, particularly in those with severe or persistent immune dysregulation[2].
References
- Romani, L., Bistoni, F., Montagnoli, C., Gaziano, R., Bozza, S., Bonifazi, P., Zelante, T., Moretti, S., Rasi, G., Garaci, E., & Puccetti, P. Thymosin α1. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.2007; 1112. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1415.002.
- Minutolo, A., Petrone, V., Fanelli, M., Maracchioni, C., Giudice, M., Teti, E., Coppola, L., Sorace, C., Iannetta, M., Miele, M., Bernardini, S., Mastino, A., Vallebona, P., Balestrieri, E., Andreoni, M., Sarmati, L., Grelli, S., Garaci, E., & Matteucci, C. Thymosin alpha 1 restores the immune homeostasis in lymphocytes during Post-Acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. International Immunopharmacology.2023; 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110055.
- Tao, N., Xu, X., Ying, Y., Hu, S., Sun, Q., Lv, G., & Gao, J. Thymosin α1 and Its Role in Viral Infectious Diseases: The Mechanism and Clinical Application. 2023; 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083539.
- Mao, L. Thymosin alpha 1 – Reimagine its broader applications in the immuno-oncology era. International Immunopharmacology.2023; 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109952.
- Wei, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, P., Yan, C., & Wang, L. Thymosin α-1 in cancer therapy: Immunoregulation and potential applications.. International immunopharmacology.2023; 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109744.
- Kang, X., Wang, S., Cai, W., & Lu, Z. Abstract TP6: Thymosin alpha 1 promotes neuron survival by enhancing mitophagy after AIS. 2025 https://doi.org/10.1161/str.56.suppl_1.tp6.
- Romani, L., Oikonomou, V., Moretti, S., Iannitti, R., D’Adamo, M., Villella, V., Pariano, M., Sforna, L., Borghi, M., Bellet, M., Fallarino, F., Pallotta, M., Servillo, G., Ferrari, E., Puccetti, P., Kroemer, G., Pessia, M., Maiuri, L., Goldstein, A., & Garaci, E. Thymosin α1 represents a potential potent single molecule-based therapy for cystic fibrosis. Nature medicine.2017; 23. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4305.
$249.97
GHK-Cu BioStrips
Product Information
Package contains 20 peptide buccal strips for in vitro research applications, each strip containing GHK-Cu (3 mg).
GHK-Cu is studied for its potential roles in wound healing, tissue repair, and anti-inflammatory processes due to its ability to modulate gene expression, stimulate collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and exhibit antioxidant properties. It also influences cellular processes like angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. Research primarily focuses on its biochemical mechanisms in various biological systems.
Peptide Specifications
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Peptide Sequence | Gly-His-Lys (complexed with Cu²⁺) |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₄H₂₄CuN₆O₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 401.9 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 89030-95-5 |
| PubChem CID | 378611 |
GHK-Cu Research
GHK-Cu is a copper peptide complex that combines the tripeptide GHK (Glycine-Histidine-Lysine) with a copper ion. It occurs naturally in human plasma, with levels that decline with age. This compound has gained attention for several biological properties:
- Wound healing and tissue regeneration
- Stimulation of collagen production
- Anti-inflammatory effects
- Antioxidant properties
- Promotion of blood vessel formation
Due to these properties, GHK-Cu is used in:
- Skincare products, particularly anti-aging formulations
- Hair growth treatments
- Wound healing applications
Research suggests it works by activating specific genes related to healing and attracting immune cells to injury sites.
Skin Health and Tissue Repair
GHK-Cu is widely used in cosmetic products due to its anti-aging properties. It improves skin elasticity, firmness, and reduces fine lines, wrinkles, and photodamage1. Studies have demonstrated that GHK-Cu can tighten loose skin, enhance skin density, and reduce hyperpigmentation2. Its ability to inhibit elastase activity further supports the structural integrity of the skin by reducing elastin degeneration3.
GHK-Cu is a potent wound healing agent, promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and the synthesis of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In vivo studies have shown that GHK-Cu accelerates wound healing in various models, including scald wounds in mice, by enhancing angiogenesis and shortening healing time4. The peptide’s ability to stimulate connective tissue accumulation and collagen synthesis has been demonstrated in experimental wound models5.
Pulmonary Conditions
GHK-Cu has shown promising results in the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, a model for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
Studies indicate that GHK-Cu can inhibit inflammatory and fibrotic changes by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and by decreasing collagen deposition in lung tissues. It also helps in reversing the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1), and in preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the modulation of Nrf2, NF-κB, and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways6.
In the context of COPD, GHK-Cu has been found to attenuate cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation. It achieves this by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative markers in lung tissues. GHK-Cu also restores antioxidant defenses by upregulating Nrf2 expression, which is crucial for combating oxidative damage in COPD7.
GHK-Cu has also been studied in models of acute lung injury (ALI), where it demonstrates protective effects by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. It suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, reducing lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration8.
Neurodegenerative Disorders
One of the critical pathological features of neurodegenerative disorders is protein misfolding and aggregation. GHK-Cu has been shown to prevent copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation, thereby protecting central nervous system cells from metal-induced toxicity. This property is particularly relevant in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, where metal ion imbalance contributes to disease progression9.
Studies have demonstrated that GHK-Cu can enhance cognitive performance and provide neuroprotection. In animal models, intranasal administration of GHK-Cu improved cognitive functions, reduced amyloid plaques, and decreased inflammation in the brain, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline10.
GHK-Cu influences gene expression patterns that are crucial for maintaining nervous system health. It has been shown to reset pathological gene expression to healthier states, which may counteract age-related dysregulation of biochemical pathways and support neuronal survival and function11.
Antibacterial Properties
GHK-Cu nanoparticles (GHK-Cu NPs) have been shown to possess significant antibacterial properties. In a study focusing on their application in wound healing, GHK-Cu NPs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against common bacterial strains such as E. coli and S. aureus12.
The self-assembled nature of these nanoparticles not only addresses the instability issues of GHK-Cu in biological fluids but also enhances their antibacterial efficacy. This makes them a promising candidate for biomedical applications, particularly in wound healing where infection control is crucial.
Anti-Cancer Activities and Gene Expression Modulation
GHK-Cu exhibits multiple anti-cancer activities. It has been shown to modulate gene expression in cancer cells, such as MCF7 breast cancer cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. This modulation can reverse the pathological expression of genes associated with cancer progression, thereby potentially restoring tissue integrity and health13.
Recent studies have highlighted GHK-Cu’s ability to influence gene expression significantly. It can reverse the pathological expression of a substantial percentage of genes in metastasis-prone colon cancer, indicating its potential to alter the course of cancer development. This gene modulation capability extends to shifting gene expression in COPD lungs from a destructive state to one of healthy remodeling, showcasing its broad therapeutic potential13.
References
- Pickart, L. (2008). The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 19, 969 – 988. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856208784909435.
- Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J., & Margolina, A. (2015). GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/648108.
- Dymek, M., Olechowska, K., Hąc-Wydro, K., & Sikora, E. (2023). Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application. Pharmaceutics, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102485.
- Wang, X., Liu, B., Xu, Q., Sun, H., Shi, M., Wang, D., Guo, M., Yu, J., Zhao, C., & Feng, B. (2017). GHK‐Cu‐liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 25. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12520.
- Maquart, F., Bellon, G., Chaqour, B., Wegrowski, J., Patt, L., Trachy, R., Monboisse, J., Chastang, F., Birembaut, P., & Gillery, P. (1993). In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.. The Journal of clinical investigation, 92 5, 2368-76 . https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116842.
- Hou, G., & Zhou, X. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammation effect of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ILD/DPLD of known origin. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA2957.
- Zhang, Q., Yan, L., Lu, J., & Zhou, X. (2022). Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700.
- Park, J., Lee, H., Kim, S., & Yang, S. (2016). The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Oncotarget, 7, 58405 – 58417. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11168.
- Min, J., Sarlus, H., & Harris, R. (2024). Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine prevents copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation and central nervous system cell death in vitro. Metallomics: Integrated Biometal Science, 16. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfae019.
- Tucker, M., Liao, G., Park, J., Rosenfeld, M., Wezeman, J., Mangalindan, R., Ratner, D., Darvas, M., & Ladiges, W. (2023). Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.20.567908.
- Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J., & Margolina, A. (2017). The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. Brain Sciences, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7020020.
- Sun, L., Li, A., Hu, Y., Li, Y., Shang, L., & Zhang, L. (2019). Self‐Assembled Fluorescent and Antibacterial GHK‐Cu Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 36. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201800420.
- Pickart, L., Biology, F., & Margolina, A. (2021). Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 and Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells by the Human Copper-Binding Peptide GHK-Cu.. , 05, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.21926/OBM.GENET.2102128.
$199.97
CJC-1295 BioStrips
CJC-1295 Product Description
CJC-1295 is a modified version of GHRH (1-29), the shortest fragment of GHRH, a 44-amino-acid peptide produced in the hypothalamus. CJC-1295 binds to GHRHR on somatotroph cells in the anterior pituitary with high affinity, mimicking GHRH’s action. This binding activates the GHRHR, initiating intracellular signaling cascades.
Contains 20 buccal strips (150mcg) for research purposes.
CJC-1295 Peptide Structure
Molecular Formula: C152H252N44O42
Molecular Mass: 3367.9 g/mol
Pubchem CID: 56841945
Synonyms:
- 863288-34-0
- CJC-1295 No DAC
Research Areas:
- Albumin Binding
- IGF-1 Elevation
- Growth Hormone Pathways
CJC-1295 Research
CJC-1295, also known as Modified GRF 1-29, is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that offers unique research opportunities for laboratories studying growth hormone pathways. The compound’s distinctive albumin-binding characteristics provide researchers with extended observation windows for mechanism studies.
Albumin Binding Mechanism
The primary research interest in CJC-1295 centers on its ability to form stable conjugates with serum albumin through its reactive maleimidopropionic acid group. This bioconjugation mechanism creates covalent bonds with free thiols on plasma proteins, offering researchers a model for studying protein-peptide interactions[1].
Laboratory studies demonstrate this binding strategy extends the compound’s detectable presence in circulation beyond 72 hours. This contrasts significantly with native GHRH’s very short detection window[2]. Research teams can leverage this extended timeframe for pharmacokinetic studies and mechanism investigations.
Growth Hormone Pathway
CJC-1295 functions as a selective GHRH analog that provides researchers with tools for studying anterior pituitary stimulation pathways. Laboratory investigations show the compound maintains natural pulsatile secretion patterns while allowing detailed observation of growth hormone release mechanisms[3].
Research data indicates a 4-fold increase in growth hormone area under the curve over 2-hour observation periods compared with native hGRF(1-29)[2]. Studies also demonstrate the peptide’s ability to increase basal growth hormone levels by 7.5-fold while preserving natural pulsatility patterns[3].
These findings offer research teams validated endpoints for studying growth hormone regulation and pituitary function in laboratory models.
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Preclinical research using GHRH knockout mouse models provides laboratories with established methodologies for studying growth hormone pathway restoration. Research demonstrates that once-daily administration protocols can normalize growth parameters, body weight, and length measurements in these models[4].
Laboratory investigations show the compound stimulates somatotroph cell proliferation and increases total pituitary RNA and GH mRNA expression. These findings suggest researchers can study pituitary function restoration in models with intact secretory capability but deficient GHRH signaling[4].
This research framework offers laboratories clear protocols for investigating growth hormone pathway interventions and measuring functional outcomes.
IGF-1 Research
Laboratory studies consistently demonstrate CJC-1295’s effects on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, providing researchers with measurable biomarkers. Research data shows mean plasma IGF-1 concentrations increase 1.5- to 3-fold for 9-11 days following single administration in study models[5].
Multiple administration studies reveal mean IGF-1 levels remain elevated above baseline for up to 28 days[5]. This sustained elevation offers research teams extended observation windows for studying IGF-1’s role in mediating growth hormone effects[3].
These findings provide laboratories with validated biomarkers and timeframes for investigating growth hormone downstream signaling pathways.
Research Methodologies and Applications
Laboratory Study Opportunities:
- Pharmacokinetic Studies – Extended half-life enables detailed absorption and distribution research
- Mechanism Investigations – Albumin binding provides models for protein-peptide interaction studies
- Biomarker Research – IGF-1 elevation offers measurable endpoints for pathway studies
- Pituitary Function Studies – Cell proliferation effects enable organoid and tissue culture research
Research Models:
- In vitro pituitary cell culture systems
- Ex vivo tissue preparation studies
- Animal model investigations with established protocols
- Bioconjugation mechanism studies
Research Considerations
Laboratories investigating CJC-1295 benefit from its well-characterized pharmacokinetic profile and established research methodologies. The compound’s albumin binding mechanism offers unique opportunities for studying bioconjugation strategies and extended-release peptide design.
Research teams should note the compound’s selective GHRH receptor activity and preserved pulsatile patterns when designing experimental protocols. The sustained IGF-1 elevation provides reliable biomarkers for mechanism studies and pathway investigations.
References:
- Timms, M., Bailey, S., Steel, R., Forbes, G., & Ganio, K. (2018). An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma. Drug testing and analysis, 11 6, 804-812. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2554.
- Robitaille, M., Pham, K., Pellerin, I., Bridon, D., Benquet, C., Jetté, L., Paradis, V., Léger, R., Thibaudeau, K., & Van Wyk, P. (2005). Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology, 146 7, 3052-8. https://doi.org/10.1210/EN.2004-1286.
- Ionescu, M., & Frohman, L. (2006). Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 91 12, 4792-7. https://doi.org/10.1210/JC.2006-1702.
- Alba, M., Castaigne, J., Fintini, D., Salvatori, R., Lawrence, B., Frohman, L., & Sagazio, A. (2006). Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 291 6, E1290-4. https://doi.org/10.1152/AJPENDO.00201.2006.
- Gagnon, C., Lawrence, B., Frohman, L., Teichman, S., Castaigne, J., & Neale, A. (2006). Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 91 3, 799-805. https://doi.org/10.1210/JC.2005-1536.
$199.97
BPC-157 BioStrips
Product Information
Package contains 20 peptide buccal strips for in vitro research applications, each strip containing BPC-157 (300 mcg).
In research settings, BPC-157 has been studied primarily in animal models, where it has demonstrated potential cytoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has shown promise in promoting the healing of various tissues, including skin, muscle, bone, ligaments, tendons, and the gastrointestinal tract.
BPC-157 appears to work through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of growth factors, nitric oxide pathways, and various cellular signaling processes involved in healing and regeneration.
Peptide Specifications
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Peptide Sequence |
H-Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val-OH
|
| Molecular Formula | C62H98N16O22 |
| Molecular Weight | 1419.5 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 137525-51-0 |
| PubChem CID | 9941957 |
BPC-157 Research
BPC-157 is a promising peptide with diverse research applications in wound healing, musculoskeletal injuries, and cytoprotection. Its ability to promote angiogenesis and protect against vascular and epithelial damage highlights its potential for broader clinical research.
Wound Healing
BPC-157 promotes the formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and collagen production, which are critical for wound healing. It has been shown to enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, which is crucial for new blood vessel formation.1
The peptide enhances the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, which are essential for tissue repair. It activates pathways such as ERK1/2 and FAK-paxillin, which are involved in cell growth and migration.2
BPC-157 exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its effectiveness in healing inflammatory skin lesions and other tissue injuries.3
BPC-157 has been effective in treating various skin injuries, including incisional/excisional wounds, deep burns, and diabetic ulcers. It accelerates wound closure and improves tissue remodeling and collagen deposition.4
Although the peptide’s healing mechanisms are partially understood, more research is needed to fully elucidate its pathways and interactions, particularly in complex wound healing scenarios.
Musculoskeletal Healing
BPC-157 has shown significant promise in enhancing tendon and ligament healing. It accelerates tendon fibroblast outgrowth, increases cell survival under stress, and promotes cell migration, likely through the activation of the FAK-paxillin pathway.5
BPC-157 enhances growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts, which may potentiate the proliferation-promoting effects of growth hormone, contributing to tendon healing.6
The peptide has demonstrated efficacy in healing transected muscles and restoring myotendinous junctions in animal models. It counteracts muscle atrophy and promotes full functional recovery, as evidenced by improved biomechanical and functional assessments in treated rats.7
BPC-157 has also been shown to improve the healing of segmental bone defects in rabbits, comparable to traditional treatments like bone marrow or autologous cortical grafts.8
Angiogenesis
BPC-157 has been shown to promote angiogenesis through several mechanisms. It increases the expression and internalization of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which is crucial for angiogenic signaling. This activation leads to the stimulation of the VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway, enhancing endothelial tube formation and blood flow recovery in ischemic tissues.9
BPC-157 modulates the Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS pathway, promoting nitric oxide production and vasodilation, which are essential for vascular health and angiogenesis.10
BPC-157 has demonstrated significant angiogenic effects in various healing models. It enhances the healing of muscle and tendon injuries by up-regulating VEGF expression, which is vital for angiogenesis and tissue repair. 11
Gastrointestinal Conditions
BPC-157 is known for its strong endothelial protection, which plays a crucial role in its ability to heal gastric and duodenal lesions. It effectively counteracts the damage induced by stress, cysteamine, and ethanol in experimental models, outperforming several standard treatments.12
BPC-157 has demonstrated significant protective effects against various GI injuries, including those caused by NSAIDs, alcohol, and stress. It stabilizes intestinal permeability and enhances cytoprotection, making it a promising candidate for mitigating NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy and leaky gut syndrome.13
The peptide has also shown efficacy in healing fistulas14 and promoting recovery in conditions like ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis.15
Ocular Health
BPC-157 has shown significant promise in treating glaucoma, particularly in models where episcleral veins are cauterized, leading to increased intraocular pressure. The peptide rapidly normalizes intraocular pressure and preserves the integrity of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerves. It achieves this by enhancing collateral pathways, which compensates for the occlusion of major vessels, thereby preventing glaucomatous damage.16
In cases of retinal ischemia induced by retrobulbar application of L-NAME, BPC-157 has been effective in counteracting the adverse effects. It restores normal blood vessel diameter and optic disc appearance, and maintains retinal thickness, thus preventing further ischemic damage. This effect is attributed to BPC-157’s interaction with the NO-system, which plays a crucial role in vascular health.17
BPC-157 has demonstrated efficacy in promoting corneal healing and maintaining transparency. It accelerates the healing of corneal epithelial defects and prevents neovascularization, which is crucial for preserving corneal clarity. This healing effect is observed in various models of corneal injury, including perforating corneal incisions.18
The peptide also shows potential in treating dry eye syndrome by counteracting the effects of lacrimal gland removal. BPC-157’s ability to heal ocular tissues and its established relationship with the NO-system suggest it could mitigate the symptoms of dry eye, which range from discomfort to severe visual impairment.19
References
- Seiwerth, S., Sikiric, P., Grabarević, Ž., Zoričić, I., Hanževački, M., Ljubanović, D., Ćorić, V., Konjevoda, P., Petek, M., Ručman, R., Turković, B., Perović, D., Mikus, D., Jandrijević, S., Medvidović, M., Tadić, T., Romac, B., Kos, J., Perić, J., & Kolega, Z. (1997). BPC 157’s effect on healing. Journal of Physiology-Paris, 91, 173-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4257(97)89480-6.
- Huang, T., Zhang, K., Sun, L., Xue, X., Zhang, C., Shu, Z., Mu, N., Gu, J., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2015). Body protective compound-157 enhances alkali-burn wound healing in vivo and promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 9, 2485 – 2499. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S82030.
- Šola, M., Skroza, N., Mangino, G., Škrtić, A., Seiwerth, S., & Sikiric, P. (2022). Do We Have a New Psoriasis Drug?. The FASEB Journal, 36. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5345.
- Seiwerth, S., Milavić, M., Vukojević, J., Gojkovic, S., Krezic, I., Vuletić, L., Pavlov, K., Petrovic, A., Sikirić, S., Vraneš, H., Prtorić, A., Zizek, H., Durasin, T., Dobrić, I., Starešinić, M., Štrbe, S., Knežević, M., Šola, M., Kokot, A., Sever, M., Lovrić, E., Škrtić, A., Blagaic, A., & Sikiric, P. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.627533.
- Chang, C., Tsai, W., Lin, M., Hsu, Y., & Pang, J. (2011). The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration.. Journal of applied physiology, 110 3, 774-80 . https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010.
- Chang, C., Tsai, W., Hsu, Y., & Pang, J. (2014). Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules, 19, 19066 – 19077. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191119066.
- Japjec, M., Pavlov, K., Petrović, A., Starešinić, M., Šebečić, B., Buljan, M., Vraneš, H., Giljanovic, A., Drmic, D., Japjec, M., Prtorić, A., Lovrić, E., Vuletić, B., Dobrić, I., Blagaić, B., Škrtić, A., Seiwerth, S., & Predrag, S. (2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disable Myotendinous Junctions in Rats. Biomedicines, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111547.
- Šebečić, B., Nikolić, V., Sikiric, P., Seiwerth, S., Šoša, T., Patrlj, L., Grabarević, Ž., Ručman, R., Petek, M., Konjevoda, P., Jadrijević, S., Perović, D., & Šlaj, M. (1999). Osteogenic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157, on the healing of segmental bone defect in rabbits: a comparison with bone marrow and autologous cortical bone implantation.. Bone, 24 3, 195-202 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00180-X.
- Hsieh, M., Liu, H., Wang, C., Huang, H., Lin, Y., Ko, Y., Wang, J., Chang, V., & Pang, J. (2017). Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 95, 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-016-1488-y.
- Hsieh, M., Lee, C., Chueh, H., Chang, G., Huang, H., Lin, Y., & Pang, J. (2020). Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Scientific Reports, 10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74022-y.
- Brčić, L., Brčić, I., Starešinić, M., Novinščak, T., Sikiric, P., & Seiwerth, S. (2009). Modulatory effect of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on angiogenesis in muscle and tendon healing.. Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 60 Suppl 7, 191-6 . https://doi.org/10.1135/CSS200911118.
- Sikiric, P., Seiwerth, S., Grabarević, Ž., Petek, M., Ručman, R., Turković, B., Rotkvić, I., Jagić, V., Duvnjak, M., Miše, S., Djačić, S., Šeparović, J., Veljača, M., Sallmani, A., Banic, M., & Brkić, T. (1994). The beneficial effect of BPC 157, a 15 amino acid peptide BPC fragment, on gastric and duodenal lesions induced by restraint stress, cysteamine and 96% ethanol in rats. A comparative study with H2 receptor antagonists, dopamine promotors and gut peptides.. Life sciences, 54 5, PL63-8 . https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(94)00796-9.
- Park, J., Lee, H., Sikiric, P., & Hahm, K. (2020). BPC157 rescued NSAID-cytotoxicity via stabilizing intestinal permeability and enhancing cytoprotection.. Current pharmaceutical design. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200523180301.
- Sikiric, P., Drmic, D., Sever, M., Klicek, R., Blagaic, A., Tvrdeić, A., Kralj, T., Kovac, K., Vukojević, J., Siroglavić, M., Gojkovic, S., Krezic, I., Pavlov, K., Rasic, D., Mirkovic, I., Kokot, A., Škrtić, A., & Seiwerth, S. (2020). Fistulas healing. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy.. Current pharmaceutical design. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200424180139.
- Sikiric, P., Seiwerth, S., Ručman, R., Turković, B., Rokotov, D., Brčić, L., Sever, M., Klicek, R., Radić, B., Drmic, D., Ilić, S., Kolenc, D., Stambolija, V., Zoričić, Z., Vrčić, H., & Šebečić, B. (2012). Focus on ulcerative colitis: stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.. Current medicinal chemistry, 19 1, 126-32 . https://doi.org/10.2174/092986712803414015.
- Sikiric, P., Kokot, A., Kralj, T., Zlatar, M., Masnec, S., Lazić, R., Lončarić, K., Oroz, K., Sablić, M., Boljesic, M., Antunović, M., Sikirić, S., Štrbe, S., Stambolija, V., Orešković, B., Kavelj, I., Novosel, L., Zubcic, S., Krezic, I., Škrtić, A., Jurjević, I., Blagaić, B., Seiwerth, S., & Starešinić, M. (2023). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157—Possible Novel Therapy of Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions. Pharmaceuticals, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16071052.
- Zlatar, M., Kokot, A., Vuletić, L., Masnec, S., Kralj, T., Periša, M., Barišić, I., Radić, B., Milanović, K., Drmic, D., Seiwerth, S., & Sikiric, P. (2021). BPC 157 as a Therapy for Retinal Ischemia Induced by Retrobulbar Application of L-NAME in Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.632295.
- Masnec, S., Kokot, A., Zlatar, M., Kalauz, M., Radić, B., Klicek, R., Drmic, D., Lazić, R., Seiwerth, S., & Sikiric, P. (2015). Perforating Corneal Injury in Rat and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. The FASEB Journal, 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2015.04.016.
- Radevski, F., Peraic, P., Mašek, T., Starčević, K., Krezic, I., Pavlov, K., Drmic, D., Kralj, T., Seiwerth, S., Sikiric, P., & Kokot, A. (2019). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Rats Subjected to High Fructose (80%) Diet for One Month Counteracts Hypertension and Compromised Optic Disc Head Circulation and Following Atrophy. The FASEB Journal, 33. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.822.9.
$249.97
Kisspeptin-10 (10mg)
Kisspeptin-10 Product Description
Kisspeptins are a family of neuropeptides encoded by the KISS1 gene. The KISS1 gene produces a precursor protein, which is then cleaved into various active fragments, including kisspeptin-54, -14, -13, and -10.
Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) is the shortest of these fragments, but it retains full bioactivity, meaning it can still bind to and activate its receptor. All kisspeptin peptides, including KP-10, share a common C-terminal decapeptide sequence (arginine-amidated phenylalanine, RFAmide), which is essential for their biological activity.
KP-10 is a versatile peptide with applications spanning cancer diagnostics, reproductive regulation, neuroprotection, cardiovascular regulation, and behavioral neuroscience. Its mechanisms involve both receptor-dependent and independent pathways, supporting its potential as a research and diagnostic tool across multiple fields.
Peptide Information
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Peptide Sequence | Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2 |
| Molecular Formula | C63H83N17O14 |
| Molecular Weight | 1302.5 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 374675-21-5 |
| PubChem CID | 71306396 |
| Synonyms | Kisspeptin, Protein KISS-1, Kisspeptins, Gene KISS1 protein, KISS-1, Metastin |
Kisspeptin-10 Peptide Structure
Source: PubChem
Lyophilized Peptides:
These peptides are freeze-dried, a process that not only extends shelf life but also preserves the purity and integrity of the peptides during storage. We do not use any fillers in this process.
Product Usage:
This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug.
$64.97
Oxytocin (10mg)
Oxytocin Product Description
Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. It is often called the “love hormone” because research shows it promotes social bonding, trust, and emotional attachment. The neuropeptide functions as both a hormone and neurotransmitter, influencing various social behaviors and biological processes in laboratory studies.
The classification of oxytocin as solely a neurohypophysial hormone is becoming increasingly outdated as scientific understanding evolves. Contemporary research demonstrates that oxytocin functions more accurately as a multifaceted signaling peptide with both central and peripheral actions.
Peptide Information
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Peptide Sequence | Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (disulfide bridge: 1-6) |
| Molecular Formula | C43H66N12O12S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 1007.2 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 50-56-6 |
| PubChem CID | 439302 |
| Synonyms | Endopituitrina, Ocytocin, Oxytocinum, Orasthin |
Oxytocin Peptide Structure
Source: PubChem
Lyophilized Peptides:
These peptides are freeze-dried, a process that not only extends shelf life but also preserves the purity and integrity of the peptides during storage. We do not use any fillers in this process.
Product Usage:
This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug.
$64.97
PNC-27 (10mg)
PNC-27 Product Description
PNC-27 is a synthetic peptide designed to selectively kill cancer cells by targeting a protein called HDM-2 (also known as MDM2) found on the membranes of many cancer cells. It works by binding to membrane-bound HDM-2, forming pores in the cancer cell membrane, and causing rapid cell death through necrosis, while sparing normal cells.
PNC-27 is derived from the p53 protein’s HDM-2 binding domain (amino acids 12-26) and is linked to a membrane-penetrating sequence, allowing it to enter and act on cancer cell membranes. The peptide binds specifically to HDM-2 present on the surface of cancer cells, not normal cells. This binding leads to the formation of transmembrane pores, disrupting the cell membrane and causing cell lysis and necrosis, independent of the p53 pathway.
Peptide Information
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Peptide Sequence | Pro-Pro-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Asp-Leu-Trp-Lys-Leu-Leu-Lys-Lys-Trp-Lys-Met-Arg-Arg-Asn-Gln-Phe-Trp-Val-Lys-Val-Gln-Arg-Gly |
| Molecular Formula | C188H293N53O44S |
| Molecular Weight | 4029.2 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 1159861-00-3 |
| Synonyms | H-PPLSQETFSDLWKLLKKWKMRRNQFWVKVQRG-OH, PPLSQETFSDLWKLLKKWKMRRNQFWVKVQRG-acid, H-Pro-Pro-Leu-Ser-Gln-Glu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Asp-Leu-Trp-Lys-Leu-Leu-Lys-Lys-Trp-Lys-Met-Arg-Arg-Asn-Gln-Phe-Trp-Val-Lys-Val-Gln-Arg-Gly-OH, A6, Paralit |
PNC-27 Peptide Structure
Source: PubChem
Lyophilized Peptides:
These peptides are freeze-dried, a process that not only extends shelf life but also preserves the purity and integrity of the peptides during storage. We do not use any fillers in this process.
Product Usage:
This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug.
$279.97
5-Amino-1MQ (10mg)
5-Amino-1MQ Product Description
5-Amino-1MQ is a synthetic compound that inhibits the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). By blocking this enzyme, it modulates cellular NAD+ and SAM levels, which affects energy production and fat metabolism pathways in experimental models.
Preclinical research in laboratory settings demonstrates effects on weight-related processes, muscle tissue preservation, mitochondrial function, and cellular aging mechanisms. This methylquinolinium derivative represents a research compound of interest for fundamental studies of metabolic processes and cellular longevity mechanisms.
Peptide Information
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C10H11N2 |
| Molecular Weight | 159.21 g/mol |
| PubChem CID | 950107 |
| Synonyms | 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, SCHEMBL6403148, CHEMBL4116828, ZMJBCEIHNOWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O, STL196667 |
5-Amino-1MQ Peptide Structure
Source: PubChem
Lyophilized Peptides:
These peptides are freeze-dried, a process that not only extends shelf life but also preserves the purity and integrity of the peptides during storage. We do not use any fillers in this process.
Product Usage:
This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug.
$74.97
Cagrilintide (Amylin Analog) (5mg)
Cagrilintide Description
Cagrilintide is a novel long-acting amylin analog featuring N-terminal lipidation that extends its half-life by binding to albumin. This synthetic peptide mimics and enhances natural amylin’s effects, simultaneously targeting multiple metabolic and appetite regulation pathways in both homeostatic and hedonic systems.
Peptide Information
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Peptide Sequence | XKCNTATCATQRLAEFLRHSSNNFGPILPPTNVGSNTP |
| Molecular Formula | C194H312N54O59S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 4409 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 1415456-99-3 |
| PubChem CID | 171397054 |
| Synonyms | 1415456-99-3, Cagrilintide [INN], AO43BIF1U8, LDERDVMBIYGIOI-IZVMHKDJSA-N |
Cagrilintide Peptide Structure
Source: PubChem
Lyophilized Peptides:
Our cagrilintide is provided as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder. This process extends shelf life and preserves the purity and integrity of the peptide without the use of any fillers.
Product Usage:
This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug.
$170.00
